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NEJM:我國(guó)發(fā)現(xiàn)新型人感染H7N9禽流感病毒

2013-4-18  閱讀(1668)

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關(guān)鍵詞: H7N9禽流感病毒 人感染

 

復(fù)旦大學(xué)和中國(guó)疾病預(yù)防控制中心專家聯(lián)手,在zui短時(shí)間內(nèi)確定了一種可導(dǎo)致人肺炎的新型重配的H7N9病毒。4月12日,*醫(yī)學(xué)期刊《新英格蘭醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》(NEJM)以“Human Infection with a Novel Avian-Origin Influenza A (H7N9) Virus”為題刊發(fā)了這一重大發(fā)現(xiàn)。

該論文的及時(shí)發(fā)表對(duì)我國(guó)乃至*科學(xué)家深入研究這種新病原特性,評(píng)價(jià)其對(duì)人類健康的威脅以及及時(shí)有效地制定出防控措施提供了可能,因而具有重大價(jià)值,這也是一篇臨床與預(yù)防等領(lǐng)域的學(xué)者聯(lián)手合作為中國(guó)及公共衛(wèi)生作出重要貢獻(xiàn)的論文。

2月底和3月初,上海市(復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬)第五人民醫(yī)院呼吸科發(fā)現(xiàn)一例不明原因重癥肺炎患者。接到這一病例標(biāo)本,復(fù)旦大學(xué)上海醫(yī)學(xué)院經(jīng)過病原學(xué)篩查,未檢出新型冠狀病毒、SARS冠狀病毒和人高致病性禽流感病毒(H5N1)。隨即又采用多種策略擴(kuò)基因片段并進(jìn)行序列分析。后根據(jù)獲得的核酸序列和反復(fù)的驗(yàn)證,提示此病毒可能是一種以H7N9新型流感病毒為基因骨架,同時(shí)含有多種流感基因片段的重配毒株,研究取得突破性進(jìn)展。3月22日向中國(guó)疾控中心送檢病例標(biāo)本,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果得到中國(guó)CDC的復(fù)核和確認(rèn)。

3月29日,中國(guó)疾控中心從標(biāo)本中分離到H7N9禽流感病毒。3月30日,國(guó)家衛(wèi)生計(jì)生委組織專家,zui終診斷為人感染H7N9禽流感確診病例,3月31日正式通報(bào)發(fā)現(xiàn)的新亞型流感病毒,既往僅在禽間發(fā)現(xiàn)。

對(duì)于新發(fā)現(xiàn)的禽流感病毒,該論文認(rèn)為,新的重配病毒的流行潛力不能低估,還會(huì)在什么時(shí)間,什么地點(diǎn)以及如何出現(xiàn),仍沒有科學(xué)的證據(jù)和解釋。由于目前該病毒感染造成的高病死率,作者提出要加快針對(duì)新病毒疫苗和抗病毒藥物的研發(fā)。zui重要的是,由于流感病毒非常容易突變,因此要對(duì)該病毒的進(jìn)化行為密切關(guān)注,尤其要嚴(yán)密監(jiān)測(cè)可能在人之間的傳播。

相關(guān)專家認(rèn)為,這是科學(xué)上的重大發(fā)現(xiàn),顯示自然界會(huì)不斷有新病毒出現(xiàn),與病毒及傳染病的斗爭(zhēng)將是長(zhǎng)期的任務(wù)。此次病毒的及早發(fā)現(xiàn),以科研實(shí)力證明我國(guó)自SARS以來應(yīng)對(duì)新發(fā)突發(fā)傳染病能力有顯著提高。(生物谷Bioon.com)

 

Human Infection with a Novel Avian-Origin Influenza A (H7N9) Virus

Rongbao Gao,  Bin Cao,Yunwen Hu, Zijian Feng, Dayan Wang, Wanfu Hu, Jian Chen, Zhijun Jie, Haibo Qiu, Ke Xu, Xuewei Xu,Hongzhou Lu, Wenfei Zhu,Zhancheng Gao, Nijuan Xiang, Yinzhong Shen, Zebao He, Yong Gu, Zhiyong Zhang, Yi Yang, Xiang Zhao, Lei Zhou, Xiaodan Li, Shumei Zou, Ye Zhang, Xiyan Li, Lei Yang,Junfeng Guo, Jie Dong, Qun Li, Libo Dong, Yun Zhu, Tian Bai, Shiwen Wang, Pei Hao, Weizhong Yang, Yanping Zhang, Jun Han, Hongjie Yu, Dexin Li, George F. Gao,  Guizhen Wu,Yu Wang,  Zhenghong Yuan and Yuelong Shu.

Background:Infection of poultry with influenza A subtype H7 viruses occurs worldwide, but the introduction of this subtype to humans in Asia has not been observed previously. In March 2013, three urban residents of Shanghai or Anhui, China, presented with rapidly progressing lower respiratory tract infections and were found to be infected with a novel reassortant avian-origin influenza A (H7N9) virus.
Methods:We obtained and analyzed clinical, epidemiologic, and virologic data from these patients. Respiratory specimens were tested for influenza and other respiratory viruses by means of real-time reverse-transcriptase–polymerase-chain-reaction assays, viral culturing, and sequence analyses.
Results:A novel reassortant avian-origin influenza A (H7N9) virus was isolated from respiratory specimens obtained from all three patients and was identified as H7N9. Sequencing analyses revealed that all the genes from these three viruses were of avian origin, with six internal genes from avian influenza A (H9N2) viruses. Substitution Q226L (H3 numbering) at the 210-loop in the hemagglutinin (HA) gene was found in the A/Anhui/1/2013 and A/Shanghai/2/2013 virus but not in the A/Shanghai/1/2013 virus. A T160A mutation was identified at the 150-loop in the HA gene of all three viruses. A deletion of five amino acids in the neuraminidase (NA) stalk region was found in all three viruses. All three patients presented with fever, cough, and dyspnea. Two of the patients had a history of recent exposure to poultry. Chest radiography revealed diffuse opacities and consolidation. Complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan failure. All three patients died.
Conclusions:Novel reassortant H7N9 viruses were associated with severe and fatal respiratory disease in three patients. (Funded by the National Basic Research Program of China and others

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